Knowledge and attitudes toward HIV/AIDS among male students at Herat University, Afghanistan: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains a major global health challenge, particularly among young adults. In Afghanistan, despite relatively low national prevalence, stigma and misconceptions hinder effective prevention and treatment.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitudes of Herat University students toward HIV/AIDS.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 391 male students of Herat University during April–May 2024. Stratified random sampling was applied, and data were collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire. Knowledge and attitude scores were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests.

Results: Although 98.5% of participants had heard of HIV/AIDS and 83.6% recognized it as a contagious disease, 39.8% demonstrated low knowledge. Misconceptions were common, with 52.2% believing HIV could be transmitted through food or water and 33.5% through shared bathrooms. Only 30.9% expressed willingness to study or work with HIV-positive individuals, and 43.7% exhibited poor attitudes overall. A significant association was found between knowledge and faculty (p = 0.03), and between knowledge and attitudes (p < 0.01).

Conclusion: Students at Herat University showed limited knowledge and predominantly negative attitudes toward HIV/AIDS. Misconceptions and stigma were common. Universities can play a critical role in addressing these gaps through targeted educational programs that promote accurate understanding and supportive attitudes.

Keywords: HIV/AIDS, knowledge, attitude, stigma, university students, Herat, Afghanistan